🔴 LAMMY’S STEALTH ASSAULT ON JURY RIGHTS VIA LEVESON REFORMS

Explainer: Why We’re Reprinting This Article and Its Key Connections to Recent Events

Earlier this week, Justice Secretary David Lammy unveiled a sweeping set of judicial reforms aimed at tackling the UK’s ongoing court backlogs, prison overcrowding, and systemic delays.

As detailed in our recent exposé – “Lammy’s Stealth Attack on Jury Rights Exposed” – these proposals have sparked intense controversy.

Critics argue they represent a covert erosion of fundamental rights, particularly the right to trial by jury, by shifting more cases away from Crown Courts (where juries decide verdicts) to magistrates’ courts (which operate without juries).

This could mean thousands of defendants facing judge-only decisions in serious matters, potentially undermining the democratic safeguard of peer judgment.

What many readers may not realize is that Lammy’s blueprint draws heavily from the recommendations in Sir Brian Leveson’s landmark 150-page report on judicial efficiencies, published in early 2025.

Leveson’s review, commissioned to address the post-pandemic crisis in the courts, proposed radical changes like empowering magistrates with longer sentencing powers (up to 24 months), creating “District JPs” (legally qualified magistrates), decentralising hearings to local venues, and streamlining procedures through digital tools and early guilty pleas.

While intended to speed up justice and reduce backlogs, these ideas inherently reduce the number of cases escalating to jury trials – a point Lammy has embraced but which has fueled accusations of a “stealth attack” on jury rights.

We’ve received feedback from many readers that the original Leveson report was dense, jargon-heavy, and hard to digest.

That’s why, back in February 2025, we published this simplified breakdown in layman’s terms, distilling its core ideas into an accessible read.

With Lammy’s announcements thrusting these reforms back into the spotlight – and explicitly citing Leveson as inspiration – we’re reprinting our legal commentary and analysis below to provide essential context.

This will help you understand the origins of Lammy’s plans, why they’re so divisive, and what they could mean for the future of UK justice ⬇️

Leveson’s Legal Overhaul: The Reforms That Could Finally Fix Britain’s Broken Justice System

The Escalating Backlog of Cases

The backlog in both the Crown and magistrates' courts has reached alarming levels. As of December 2023, the Crown Court faced a record 67,573 outstanding cases, marking a 78% increase since the end of 2019. This surge has led to protracted delays, with many cases languishing for over a year before reaching trial. Such delays not only erode public confidence in the justice system but also inflict profound distress upon victims awaiting closure and defendants seeking resolution.

Prison Overcrowding: A Pressing Concern

Compounding the crisis is the severe overcrowding in UK prisons. As of June 2024, the prison population stood at 87,869, with foreign national offenders (FNOs) accounting for 10,435 inmates, representing 12% of the total prison population. The presence of over 10,000 FNOs underscores a significant strain on prison resources.

The government's commitment to the removal of FNOs is evident, with all such offenders in receipt of custodial sentences being referred to the Home Office for deportation consideration.

However, the process is fraught with challenges, not least that this id virtually impossible whilst the UK remains part of thr European Convention on Human Right which currently creates many unnecessary legal appeals and logistical hurdles, which often result in prolonged detention periods for these individuals.

Systemic Inefficiencies and Their Consequences

The interplay between case backlogs and prison overcrowding creates a vicious cycle. Overburdened courts contribute to delayed trials, leading to extended remand periods and exacerbating prison congestion. This scenario not only inflates operational costs but also undermines the rehabilitative ethos of the penal system. The National Audit Office (NAO) has highlighted that the Ministry of Justice's ambition to reduce the Crown Court backlog to 53,000 by March 2025 is no longer achievable, emphasizing the need for urgent intervention.

The Human Toll: Distress Among Citizens

The repercussions of these systemic failures are deeply felt by citizens. Victims endure prolonged periods of uncertainty, which can exacerbate trauma and diminish trust in the justice process. Defendants, particularly those on remand, face extended incarcerations without conviction, contravening the principle of 'innocent until proven guilty.' Families of both victims and defendants are left in limbo, their lives disrupted by the protracted legal proceedings.

The Imperative for Comprehensive Reform

Given the multifaceted nature of the crisis, piecemeal solutions are insufficient. The situation demands a holistic overhaul of the judicial system to enhance efficiency, reduce backlogs, and restore public confidence. The forthcoming recommendations aim to address these challenges head-on, proposing transformative changes to recalibrate the system and uphold the principles of justice.

In conclusion, the UK's judicial system stands at a crossroads. The convergence of case backlogs, prison overcrowding, and systemic inefficiencies necessitates bold and decisive action. The subsequent sections will delve into the proposed reforms designed to rectify these issues and rejuvenate our justice system.

MODERNISING THE MECHANICS OF JUSTICE—PROCEDURAL REFORMS TO STREAMLINE THE COURTS

While strengthening magistrates' courts and expanding judicial powers are critical steps in tackling the backlog, these changes alone are not enough. The sheer volume of cases grinding through the system means that even with increased sentencing powers and decentralised community courts, inefficiencies at the procedural level must also be eradicated.

For too long, the UK's criminal justice system has relied on outdated processes, unnecessary hearings, and an archaic approach to case management. Leveson’s report—and the latest updates—identify a suite of procedural reforms designed to modernise the system, reduce delays, and increase efficiency. These changes, when combined with the magistracy reforms, will create a justice system fit for the modern era.

1. "Getting It Right First Time"—Ending Delays from Poor Charging and Disclosure

At the root of many court delays is a fundamental issue: too many cases enter the system in a half-baked state, leading to unnecessary adjournments, collapsed trials, and wasted court time.

• Flawed Charging Decisions – Too often, cases reach court with incorrect, excessive, or weak charges that lead to plea bargaining on the day of trial, causing cases to "crack" (collapse before trial).
• Late and Incomplete Disclosure – The prosecution frequently fails to hand over evidence to the defence early enough, leading to delays as defence teams demand more time to assess the case.

To combat this:

✅ The CPS must strengthen pre-charge reviews to ensure that correct charges are brought from the outset.

✅ Early disclosure rules will be toughened so that the defence receives case files faster, reducing the number of cases that are delayed due to missing evidence.

✅ Case Ownership Principle – Every case must have a named CPS prosecutor and defence lawyer responsible from start to finish—reducing the "pass the parcel" mentality that causes delays.

By ensuring cases are correctly charged and fully prepared before they reach court, thousands of wasted hearings can be eliminated.

2. The Rise of Digital Justice—Ending the Paper Chase and Embracing IT

The UK's courts still rely on a 19th-century approach to paperwork. Physical case files, handwritten notes, and faxed documents are still commonplace. This slows cases down, increases errors, and causes needless adjournments.

The CJS Common Platform—A Fully Digital Case System

Leveson’s report envisions a fully digital criminal justice system, where:

✅ All case files, evidence, and communications are stored in a centralised digital system accessible by the CPS, defence, police, and courts.

✅ Defence lawyers can access evidence instantly—ending the farcical delays caused by missing documents.

✅ Court orders, adjournments, and listing decisions are updated in real-time, eliminating paperwork delays.

A properly functioning CJS Common Platform will cut down case preparation times and prevent courts from being clogged up by administrative inefficiencies.

3. Remote Hearings & Video Testimony—Reducing Unnecessary Courtroom Appearances

A major cause of inefficiency is the insistence that every minor procedural matter must take place in a physical courtroom. Leveson’s report proposes a dramatic shift towards video hearings and remote testimony for routine matters, including:

✅ Pre-trial case management hearings – Allowing prosecutors, defence lawyers, and judges to handle procedural matters via video link or written submissions, rather than dragging everyone into a courtroom for a five-minute administrative hearing.

✅ Prisoner Remand Hearings – Defendants currently waste hours being transported to court for hearings that could be handled via live video link from the prison.

✅ Victim and Witness Testimony via Video – More cases should allow witnesses and victims to testify remotely, reducing adjournments caused by travel difficulties and witness unavailability.

Courts will still be required for major hearings and trials, but routine non-contentious matters should no longer waste valuable court time.

4. Listing Reform—Eliminating the "Floating Trial" Chaos

One of the most frustrating inefficiencies in the system is the way cases are listed. The outdated "warned list" system, where trials are pencilled in without a fixed start date, leads to:

• Lawyers, witnesses, and victims waiting days or weeks without knowing when their case will be heard.
• Crown Courts juggling multiple "floating" cases, causing chaos when last-minute adjournments clog the system.

To fix this:

✅ "Single Fixed Listing" – Every trial should have a fixed start date, eliminating the uncertainty that leads to wasted time.

✅ "Thematic Listing" – Courts should schedule similar cases together (e.g., all motoring offences in one block, all low-level fraud cases in another) to maximise efficiency.

By reforming the way cases are listed, thousands of wasted court days can be eliminated every year.

5. Early Guilty Plea System—Incentivising Swift Resolutions

Currently, too many defendants delay guilty pleas until the last minute, leading to cracked trials (trials that collapse on the day because the defendant suddenly pleads guilty).

• This wastes huge amounts of court time, as cases are prepared for trial that never actually happen.
• Victims and witnesses are kept waiting for no reason, only for the case to be resolved at the final moment.

Leveson’s report proposes:

✅ A structured Early Guilty Plea Scheme, where defendants receive a guaranteed sentencing discount of 40% if they plead guilty before the first hearing, rather than playing procedural games.

✅ Pre-hearing resolution – Judges, JP’s, prosecutors, and defence lawyers will discuss plea deals earlier to avoid unnecessary trials.

By getting defendants to enter guilty pleas earlier, the justice system will save thousands of wasted court days.

A Procedural Overhaul That Works Hand-in-Hand With Magistrates' Reforms

These procedural changes—case management improvements, digital systems, remote hearings, better listing, and early guilty plea reforms—will supercharge the magistracy and sentencing reforms discussed in the next section.

Together, they will:

✅ Stop cases entering the system in an unprepared state, reducing delays.

✅ End pointless courtroom appearances for minor hearings.

✅ Move cases through the system faster with digital efficiency.

✅ Ensure trials are listed sensibly and actually go ahead.

✅ Encourage defendants to plead guilty earlier, cutting down unnecessary trials.

THE RADICAL REFORMS THAT WILL REBUILD OUR JUDICIAL SYSTEM

If the first section of this report has laid bare the sheer scale of dysfunction in the UK’s criminal justice system, then this section is where we examine the radical, sweeping changes proposed to fix it.

These reforms—now fully updated and expanded beyond Leveson’s original recommendations—form a comprehensive and interconnected blueprint for rescuing a judicial system teetering on the brink.

If implemented in full, they will drastically cut case backlogs, prevent unnecessary Crown Court referrals, unclog our overcrowded prisons, and finally restore the principle of swift and effective justice for all.

A New, Stronger Magistracy: The Backbone of Expedited Justice

At the heart of this transformation is the recognition that magistrates’ courts—where 95% of criminal cases begin and end—must be fully empowered to handle more cases efficiently, deliver faster justice, and reduce the burden on the Crown Court. The following key reforms will achieve exactly that:

District JPs: A Second-Tier Magistracy with Enhanced Powers

A cornerstone of this reform plan is the creation of District Justices of the Peace (District JPs)—a new, more authoritative tier of magistrates composed of practising solicitors and qualified paralegals with at least five years of legal experience.

• Why is this necessary? Currently, lay magistrates can only issue sentences of up to 12 months, a restriction that forces many cases into the Crown Court, further adding to the backlog. The District JP model bridges the gap between lay magistrates and District Judges, giving these legally qualified magistrates the authority to sentence offenders to up to 24 months per offence—a dramatic increase that will allow more cases to be finalised without needing a costly, time-consuming Crown Court hearing.
• How will this work? These District JPs will likely be paid professionals rather than volunteers and will sit alongside two lay magistrates to ensure balanced decision-making. Their presence will free up District Judges (who will also now get 24 month sentencing powers) to focus on truly complex cases, keeping more mid-level offences—such as fraud, ABH, and repeat driving offences—within the magistrates' courts where they belong.

2. Increased Sentencing Powers for District Judges

In parallel with the introduction of District JPs, District Judges (the full-time, professional judges who sit alone in magistrates’ courts) will see their sentencing powers expanded even further. Currently, magistrates' courts must refer cases to the Crown Court if they believe the sentencing powers of 18 months (for lay magistrates) or 24months (for District JPs) are insufficient. Under the new proposals:

• District Judges will be granted higher sentencing powers, allowing them to retain even more cases that would previously have been escalated to the Crown Court.
• This means fewer unnecessary Crown Court cases, swifter sentencing, and significant reductions in waiting times for trials.

By strengthening magistrates’ courts in this way, the system will prioritise Crown Court time for truly serious crimes, such as murder, serious sexual offences, high-value fraud, and organised crime.

Bringing Justice Closer to Communities: The Rise of Local Courtrooms

One of the most revolutionary proposals in these reforms is the reintroduction of community-based courts for minor, non-custodial offences.

3. Community-Based Courts: Town Halls, Theatres, and Local Venues as Judicial Hubs

In an era where the closure of hundreds of magistrates’ courts has left vast areas of the country with little to no local justice provision, this reform proposes a bold new approach:

• Non-custodial hearings, such as guilty pleas, minor driving offences, and summary-only offences, will be heard in alternative venues, including town halls, community centres, and even theatres that have unused capacity.
• Why does this matter? Many defendants currently struggle to attend distant court hearings, causing delays and absences that only add to the backlog. By bringing justice closer to communities, the process will be faster, cheaper, and more accessible to the public.
• Key Benefit: With non-custodial cases moved into these community spaces, traditional magistrates’ courts will be freed up to deal with cases that do require a potential prison sentence.

This reform is a win-win: it reduces case congestion, makes justice more accessible, and ensures that magistrates’ courts focus on the cases that truly require their resources.

Expanding Legal Representation: The Rise of Independent Paralegal Advocacy

Another crucial pillar of these reforms is a pragmatic, cost-effective solution to the growing crisis in legal representation. With fewer solicitors taking on low-fee legal aid cases, defendants in minor offences increasingly struggle to secure representation.

4. Empowering Paralegals to Represent Clients in Minor Cases

• Proposal: Paralegals with appropriate qualifications and experience could be allowed to represent clients in minor, non-custodial or low-level custodial cases—offering a cheaper, more widely available alternative to fully qualified solicitors.
• Why does this matter? The legal profession, particularly criminal defence work, is in crisis due to low legal aid rates and high costs.
• What will this change? If paralegals are permitted to argue lower-end cases independently, it will:
• Increase access to representation for defendants who might otherwise go unrepresented.
• Reduce delays caused by last-minute adjournments due to lack of legal representation.
• Lower legal costs for both the state and defendants by increasing competition in the legal market.

By expanding the role of trained paralegals, this reform ensures more defendants have legal support, reducing the number of adjournments and delays caused by lack of representation.

A Fully Integrated Strategy to Break the Backlog

Each of these reforms—strengthening magistrates' courts, increasing sentencing powers, creating Community JPs, establishing local courtrooms, and empowering paralegals—work in tandem to drastically reduce delays, free up court resources, and ensure justice is delivered swiftly.

If implemented together, they will:

✅ Slash waiting times by keeping more cases in magistrates’ courts.

✅ Reduce prison overcrowding by ensuring sentencing is swift and efficient.

✅ Improve access to justice by decentralising court venues and expanding legal representation.

✅ Restore faith in the justice system by ensuring victims see swifter resolutions to their cases.

This is not just a fix—it is a total recalibration of how criminal justice is delivered in the UK.

The Real-World Impact: What These Reforms Will Mean for You

Justice is not an abstract concept. It is not some distant, academic exercise reserved for judges, barristers, and legal theorists. Justice is real life—as real as the victim whose case has been dragging on for two years, as real as the man sat on remand for months waiting for a trial that keeps getting adjourned, as real as the mother desperately trying to navigate an incomprehensible system after her son is arrested for a minor offence.

For far too long, our courts have been a slow-moving, impenetrable beast—a system bogged down in delays, inefficiencies, and outdated processes that leave ordinary people in a state of limbo, uncertain of their futures, unable to move on with their lives. This new wave of judicial reform changes that.

Let’s strip away the legal formalities and talk, plainly, about what all this actually means for you.

For Victims: No More Waiting Years for Justice

If you’ve ever been a victim of crime, you’ll know that the worst thing after the crime itself is the waiting. The waiting for updates, the waiting for a trial date, the endless adjournments that stretch your suffering out indefinitely.

With these reforms, that nightmare ends.

More cases being handled by newly empowered magistrates means faster justice. No more cases being pushed up to the Crown Court unnecessarily, where they languish for months or even years before a trial is finally heard. No more criminals gaming the system by dragging things out in the hope that witnesses give up, that memories fade, that the CPS loses interest.

With early case management reforms, evidence will be disclosed faster, legal arguments settled before trial, and hearings actually held when they’re supposed to be held—not constantly adjourned because someone forgot to upload a document.

What this means, in real terms, is that if you are a victim, you will see justice served—not in years, but in months, even weeks for minor cases.

"That alone is a revolution"

For Defendants: No More Endless Uncertainty

Not everyone who stands in a courtroom is guilty. We know this.

But what we also know is that guilt or innocence aside, the justice system has been failing defendants just as badly as it has been failing victims.

If you’re arrested today, you may find yourself waiting months, even years just to know your fate. You may sit on remand in a prison cell, trapped in a bureaucratic nightmare of adjournments and delays, not because your case is complicated, but because the system is broken.

With these reforms, that stops.

If your case is straightforward, it will be heard quickly. If you intend to plead guilty, you will be given the opportunity to do so immediately, instead of being forced to sit through endless procedural delays while the court system drags its feet.

For those who are wrongfully accused, a quicker, streamlined system means that you won’t be left waiting for months to clear your name. The courts will move at pace, evidence will be dealt with efficiently, and trials will be heard when they should be heard—not years after the fact when your life has already been torn apart.

Justice delayed is justice denied—for everyone.

For Those Who’ve Made a Mistake: A Faster, Fairer System

Not everyone who enters the judicial system is a hardened criminal. Some people make mistakes—stupid, reckless mistakes that they regret immediately.

Maybe it’s a first-time offence. Maybe it’s a driving charge. Maybe it’s a moment of stupidity after one too many pints on a Friday night.

Under the old system, even these minor offences could see you dragged through the courts for months, losing time, money, and sleep over something that could have been resolved in a matter of days.

Now, with the rise of Community Courts, these cases can be heard closer to home, resolved faster, and dealt with in a way that actually makes sense.

No more waiting months to find out if you’re going to lose your licence over a minor driving offence. No more being trapped in a bureaucratic nightmare because of a lapse in judgment.

If you want to take responsibility, if you want to move on, this new system will let you do just that.

For Taxpayers: A Justice System That Works for You, Not Against You

Every single inefficiency in the court system costs you money.

• Every adjourned trial, every delayed hearing, every unnecessary case pushed to the Crown Court when it could have been handled by magistrates—all of it comes out of your pocket.
• Every extra day a defendant spends on remand because their case keeps getting delayed costs the taxpayer thousands.
• Every missed opportunity to resolve cases early and efficiently means more strain on police, more money wasted on legal aid, and more court time eaten up by cases that should have been dealt with weeks ago.

A streamlined justice system means that your money is spent where it actually matters—on police, on prisons that function properly, on courts that deliver real justice, not on keeping people in a state of legal purgatory because of bureaucratic failures.

The Bottom Line: This is the Justice System We’ve Been Waiting For

For too long, justice in the UK has been slow, inefficient, and frustratingly inaccessible. It has been a system that serves no one well, least of all the people who rely on it the most—victims, defendants, and ordinary citizens just trying to go about their lives.

This revolutionary package of reforms changes that.

• It speeds up trials.
• It reduces unnecessary court appearances.
• It keeps cases in the right courts, with the right judges, at the right time.
• It makes justice accessible again—swift, fair, and effective.

This is not just an improvement to our legal system—it is a transformation.

And if these changes are implemented fully, without delay, and with genuine commitment, we might just finally have the justice system we deserve—one that delivers for its citizens, rather than one that keeps them trapped in an endless, soul-crushing limbo.

Well, that’s all for now. I hope this has now shed new light on this deeply complex set of reforms for you, But until our next article, please stay tuned, stay informed, but most of all, stay safe, and I’ll see you then.

By Bénédict Tarot Freeman

Editor-at-Large

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