🔴 Surge in UK Strangulation Prosecutions: We Explain the Law
Prosecutions for non-fatal strangulation in England and Wales have surged almost sixfold in the three years since the offence was introduced, underscoring a heightened focus on domestic abuse within the criminal justice system.
New figures reveal that the number of suspects charged with strangulation or suffocation has risen from around 1,200 in the year ending March 2023 to over 7,200 in the year ending March 2025, according to data from the Crown Prosecution Service.
This sharp increase reflects not a spike in incidents but improved detection and enforcement mechanisms implemented since the law took effect in June 2022. Police forces across the UK have undergone specialised training to identify signs of strangulation, such as petechiae or subtle voice alterations, which often leave no visible marks yet pose severe health risks including brain damage or delayed strokes.
The Crown Prosecution Service has updated its guidelines to prioritise these cases, recognising strangulation as a key indicator of escalating abuse where victims face a sevenfold higher risk of homicide. Campaigns by organisations like the Institute for Addressing Strangulation have boosted reporting rates, with estimates suggesting up to 10 per cent of women in the UK experience such acts in their lifetime.
Sentencing reforms, including new guidelines from the Sentencing Council effective from April 2025, have further encouraged standalone charges by categorising loss of consciousness as high harm and prolonged attacks as elevated culpability.
In Northern Ireland, similar trends emerge, with 1,755 arrests recorded under equivalent legislation between June 2023 and May 2025, signalling a broader jurisdictional shift towards treating these offences with the gravity they warrant.
This upsurge aligns with government targets to halve violence against women and girls, amplified by post-pandemic rises in domestic abuse disclosures and integrations with related laws, such as the June 2025 ban on possessing pornography depicting strangulation to prevent normalisation.
As courts remain closed over the Christmas period, this development highlights how legislative evolution is reshaping responses to hidden forms of coercive control.
Access to the Law: Understanding the Non-Fatal Strangulation Offence
As part of our campaign to improve citizens’ access and understanding of UK criminal law, we will be explaining the relevant UK legislation surrounding any case law relevant to our articles.
The offence of non-fatal strangulation or suffocation was enshrined in law through Section 70 of the Domestic Abuse Act 2021, which inserted Section 75A into the Serious Crime Act 2015.
Effective from 7 June 2022, it criminalises any intentional act that restricts another person’s breathing or blood flow, whether by neck pressure, mouth or nose covering, or chest compression, without necessitating proof of physical injury. Prosecutors must establish intent to impede normal breathing or circulation, but the law applies universally, including beyond domestic contexts, and extends extraterritorial jurisdiction to UK nationals committing such acts abroad.
Classified as an either-way offence, it can be tried in magistrates’ court or Crown Court, carrying a maximum penalty of five years’ imprisonment upon indictment. Sentencing guidelines from the Sentencing Council delineate culpability into high, medium, and lower categories, factoring in elements like weapon use, sustained assault, or vulnerability of the victim.
Harm is assessed across three levels, with Category 1 encompassing serious psychological effects or loss of consciousness, leading to starting points from 18 months’ custody for lower culpability to four years for the most severe cases.
Adjustments may include aggravating factors such as previous convictions or abuse of trust, alongside mitigating aspects like remorse or isolated incidents. Case law, such as R v Yorke [2023], affirms the inherent high harm in these offences, directing courts to impose sentences reflecting the profound fear and long-term risks involved.
The legislation addresses prior gaps where such conduct was often downgraded to common assault, ensuring charges better capture the offence’s severity and support victims through measures like Domestic Abuse Protection Orders. Prosecutorial guidance from the Crown Prosecution Service emphasises medical evidence and victim statements to build robust cases, even absent visible trauma.
This framework not only bolsters convictions but informs risk assessments for future offending, integrating with broader statutes like the Online Safety Act 2023 where digital dissemination of related content may trigger additional liabilities. Well, that’s all for now.
But until our next article, please stay tuned, stay informed, but most of all stay safe, and I’ll see you then.
